NS install

While installing NS you can get few problem, so to fix those problem follow this link....


http://caia.swin.edu.au/cv/kstoeckigt/ns2-install.html

HOW TO OPEN .chm FILE IN LINUX

Chm file is a Microsoft Compressed HTML Help file in a proprietary format for online help files. Under Linux/FreeBSD or UNIX you can open .chm file using following three different programs which makes it possible to browse native Windows CHM files:

Install chm viewer

Use apt-get or yum command to install chm viewer:
# apt-get install gnochm
OR
# apt-get install kchmviewer

Gnome Desktop User

Use gnochm program as follows
$ gnochm file.chm

KDE Desktop User

Use kchmviewer (very nice and highly recommended) program as follows
$ kchmviewer file.chm

Default Values in ns2

All the default values in ns2 are located in a file name
"ns-default.tcl"
You can fine this file in directory
"/home/uesrname/ns-allinone-2.xx/ns-2.xx/tcl/lib"

This file actually set up all the default paramters. Each default parameter is stored in the OTcl class template and copied from the class into the instance when the object is created.

How to set MTU value in NS2

Default value of MTU(MaximumTransmission Unit) in ns2 is generally 1500.Now to change this value according to your research, just go to file "mac-802.3.h" and change the value of "IEEE_8023_MAXFRAME" and compile it once again. You can find this file in

/home/username/ns-allinone-2.xx/ns-2.xx/mac

TO know more about MTU and to know what it actually is just visit the following link.

http://www.pointless.net/~jasper/consume/docs/my-docs/mtu.html

Find Whether Processor is 32 bit or 64 bit in LINUX

You can find the configuration of system in which you are working and can find whether the processor is 32 bit or 64 bit. Just open terminal and type

$ getconf LONG_BIT
or one can try
$ uname -a
or
$ grep flags /proc/cpuinfo

GATE admission, Books Problems For computer science

All those who want any help regarding the procedure of admission, books, or any other thing related to GATE can leave comment in this . I will try to help you.

Disable or Enable Firewall In UBUNTU 9.04

U can visit this site for any firewall problem in ubuntu.



https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFirewall

https://help.ubuntu.com/9.04/serverguide/C/firewall.html

Mount external hard drive in Ubuntu server

Insert external hard drive usb connector into the Ubuntu server usb port. Ubuntu server automatically detect the external hard drive as a usb device.the external hard drive will be detected as sdb. That is the name of the external hard drive to use when we are going to mount the device. We can check the device in /proc/scsi/scsi file. To do that, issue the command as in the example below:

luzar@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/scsi/scsi
Attached devices:
Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: NECVMWar Model: VMware IDE CDR10 Rev: 1.00
Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: Generic Model: USB Disk Rev: 9.02
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
luzar@ubuntu:~$

Create a proper directory in Ubuntu server to mount the external hard drive. In this example, we create a directory named extdisk in /mnt directory:

luzar@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir /mnt/extdisk
[sudo] password for luzar:
luzar@ubuntu:~$ ls /mnt/
dvd extdisk usb win

Now we can mount the external hard drive with Linux mount command:

luzar@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb /mnt/extdisk/
mount: you must specify the filesystem type

The external hard drive cannot be mounted. This happened when we mount a windows formatted external hard drive. We must specify the filesystem. Windows filesystem format is known as nsfs-3g in Linux. So we mount the external hard drive again with the complete command:

luzar@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb /mnt/extdisk/
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sdb': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sdb' doesn't have a valid NTFS.
Maybe you selected the wrong device? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/hda, not /dev/hda1)? Or the other way around?

We still cannot mount the external hard drive. Again, we mount the external hard drive but this we change the device name from /dev/sdb to /dev/sdb1 as suggested by Ubuntu message above.

alok@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /mnt/extdisk/
alok@ubuntu:~$ ls /mnt/extdisk/
ghost dell170l ghost mimos RECYCLER System Volume Information
alok@ubuntu:~$

We successfully mounted the external hard drive this time. Now that the external drive has been mounted, we can use it as other directory in Ubuntu.

To unmount the external hard drive, we can use the Linux umount command like in the example below:

alok@ubuntu:~$ sudo umount /mnt/extdisk/
[sudo] password for alok
alok@ubuntu:~$

That's all.

how to Install NS2 2.33 in ubuntu

1. Download ns-allinone-2.33.tar from
2. Place it in somewhere, e.g. /home/programmer, then extract it.
$ cd /home/programmer
$ tar -xvf ns-allinone-2.33.tar
3. Download & install some packages from repository
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev
4. Install the ns2
$ cd ns-allinone-2.33
$ ./install
5. Edit some paths
$ gedit ~/.bashrc
Put these lines on that file. Off course, you might change /home/programmer for it depends on where you extract ns-allinone-2.33.tar.

# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
OTCL_LIB=/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/otcl-1.13
NS2_LIB=/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/lib
X11_LIB=/usr/X11R6/lib
USR_LOCAL_LIB=/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$OTCL_LIB:$NS2_LIB
:$X11_LIB:$USR_LOCAL_LIB

# TCL_LIBRARY
TCL_LIB=/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/tcl8.4.18/library
USR_LIB=/usr/lib
export TCL_LIBRARY=$TCL_LIB:$USR_LIB

# PATH
XGRAPH=/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/bin:/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/tcl8.4.18/unix:/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/tk8.4.18/unix:/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/xgraph-12.1/
NS=/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33/
NAM=/home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/nam-1.13/
export PATH=$PATH:$XGRAPH:$NS:$NAM

6. Validate it (take very long time compare to install process)
$ cd ns-2.33
$ ./validate
7. (Optionally) Create a symlink, so that ns can be called from everywhere
$ sudo ln -s /home/programmer/ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33/ns /usr/bin/ns
8. Let it take effect immediately
$ source ~/.bashrc
9. Try to run it (and pray :)
$ ns
10. If the installation success, you will see % at the command prompt. Type following command to exit
% exit

Steps to Install Windows On Linux.

Her are the steps that you can follow to install second OS (Windows) on your already existing OS(Linux.)

1. Back up the GRUB boot menu
Regardless of which bootloader you end up using, it's a very good move to first back up the GRUB bootloader. It's easy to lose it and unless you know how to re-write it from scratch then you're generally facing a full reinstallation of Ubuntu.

Firstly, boot into Ubuntu and go to Applications --> Accessories --> Terminal. Then, type in sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst.

This text file contains all the information GRUB uses to configure various boot options. Scroll down and the entries between "## ## End Default Options ##" and "### END DEBIAN AUTOMATIC KERNELS LIST" are the Linux boot options.

Make a backup of the file by going to File, Save As and selecting a different location. Or take a full copy of the contents and place it into a new text file. If you can, create the backup on a removable disk or networked location.

2. Make space For XP

Now we need to create space on the hard drive for XP, so this will involve resizing the main Ubuntu partition. Restart the system using the Ubuntu Live CD as this gives you access to GNOME Partition Editor. When the CD loads, select "Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer".

Once the CD loads, go to System, Administration, Partition Editor.

Right-click on the main data partition which has been formatted with ext3 - it should be /dev/sda1 - and select "Resize/Move"

Move the slider from the right to shrink the ext3 partition and create free space on the hard drive, which will take the NTFS XP partition. Make sure that the free space is sufficient to hold XP (at least 2GB - preferably 5GB). Then click "Resize/Move" to confirm the selection, and "Apply" back in the main screen to carry out the pending change.

3.Install Windows XP

Restart the system with the Windows XP CD and boot into the install program.

Unfortunately XP isn't so adaptive at handling existing partitions during installation. It detects the two Ubuntu partitions and marks then C: and E: accordingly. The remaining unpartitioned space which is available for XP will be marked as F:.

For the operating system and the vast majority of Windows applications which have properly-coded installation scripts, this is not a problem. Some older applications will assume that C: is the system partition and may bring up errors. There are ways of changing the drive letter assignation of the system partition, but in this scenario it's strongly discouraged.

To insult to injury, XP detects the Linux partition as an active system partition and won't install unless it marks this partition as inactive.

4.Restore the GRUB boot loader

Once XP has been installed, it will boot happily into XP but there's no sign of Ubuntu. To reinstate GRUB as the system bootloader it needs to be reinstalled into the MBR.

Boot the system from the Ubuntu Live CD and select "Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer".

Open a Terminal session - Applications, Accessories, Terminal

To enter the GRUB configuration mode, type in "sudo grub" and press Enter. Then type in the following commands in sequence:
- root (hd0,0)
- setup (hd0)
- quit
- exit

Reboot the system. You'll get the GRUB bootloader but Vista won't be an option - we need to add this to the boot options.

Boot into Ubuntu and open up another Terminal session. Then, type in sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Scroll down to the bottom of the file and type in the following text strings:

title Windows XP
root (hd0,1)
makeactive
chainloader +1

Save the file and reboot. When the GRUB loader launches hit ESC for the boot menu. Windows XP is the last option - select it and XP will load.

If you want to make the GRUB menu always available, boot back into Ubuntu and edit the MENU.LST file. Find the hiddenmenu text string and change it to #hiddenmenu.

To increase the menu timeout, change the default timeout 3 to something more appropriate.

How to Install Ubuntu 9.04 to your system

Here are the steps that you can follow to install Ubuntu 9.04 directly to youe system.


First thing is you need to download ubuntu jaunty .iso image from . once you have the .iso image you need to create a bootable CD from this and you need to boot your machine using this CD.

Once It starts booting from CD you should see screen select your language and press enter

Then in next screen you need to select “Install ubuntu” option and press enter

Ubuntu jaunty start installing.

Select your language for ubuntu installation click on forward

Select your region and city.In this example i am using Europe region,London city and click on forward.

Select your keyboad layout in this example i am using united kingdom and click on forward

Now you will See screen with the disks available in your machine here you need to create partitions ,if you want to create manually use the other option you need to click on forward.

Next you need to create User name, password and computer name you can also choose if you want to login automatically or not

List of information available for installation will come you need to click on install to start the installation.

Partitions formating starts.

Installation of ubuntu jaunty to your system starts.

When installation completes you need to restart.

When you restart it will ask for loging and password and thn you can start working on your Ubuntu 9.04.

Hope this will help all the user who are installing Ubuntu for first time.

Thank you.

Steps for Installing Linux with Windows

Hi friends, this is my first post which will help you all to install LINUX on windows.
for any query please leave comment, i will try to fix it.

REQUIREMENTS:


The installation CD or an ISO image to burn. It is possible with some distributions as Suse to install from Windows.

STEPS:

1. It is better to use a second disk specially for Linux. Otherwise you can split the Windows partition.

2.If you have a partition available and free, ignore this section, go to (3)
- Use SCANDISK (System Tools) to repair any errors on the hard disk.
- Use DEFRAG to prepare partitioning leaving a block of free space.
Take note of the available disk space is you resize the partition from Linux.
Vista makes it possible to resize the partition to create another which can be used for Linux.
You can also choose installation on USB disk. Verify prior that the boot sector of the system can be restored from the Vista disk!

3.Insert the CD in the drive.
Restart your computer, press DEL or F1 or any key that open the Bios configuration panel, and configure options in the BIOS so that the computer starts with CD-ROM. Save and continue the boot process. You then need to boot from the Linux CD.

4.You are asked to choose between the expert mode or not. The second will install Lilo Grub or without prompting you. If you install Lilo on the Windows partition, you will have to choose between Windows and Linux at each startup.

5.Choose keyboard, language, etc ...
At the option of partition, if you do not have a free disk or a free partition, you have to resize that of Windows. Create a swap partition in this space according to the table below.
It takes at least 2 gigabytes to install Linux. Linux read Windows FAT and NTFS directories, do not try to create a too large partition.

6.Click on the space for the swap partition, make it SWAP and MOUNT it.
Click on the other Linux partition. Make it Linux and put / for the root directory.
The file system recommended is ext3.

7.Continue with the graphical install.
You might be asked to install Lilo or Grub, the boot loader, choose Grub.

8.Continue with the other options.

9.To start on the USB disk, reboot your computer and go to the BIOS. Choose the USB reader as the first unit to start (boot).

10.Change according your need prompt and environment variables.

My Story.

Hi Guys...

I am Alok Sen. I am from Bhopal but currently in Chennai doing my master's course here from IITmadras.
Will be posting some useful material soon.
keep visiting..